Direct answer: A procurement quantity/over-under shipment/MOQ and unit-of-measure page is not a line saying "deliver per the order quantity". The page should state: the unit of measure (pieces/kilograms/tons/metres/litres/square metres); gross/net/tare weight; theoretical/actual weight; unit conversion; quantity/tolerance (allowed over/under shipment ratio, shortage/overage handling); MOQ/pack multiple/full carton/pallet/consolidation; weighing/measurement (calibration, gross/tare/net, moisture/impurity, weighing difference); shortage/overage/substitution/replenishment/return; invoicing/payment/reconciliation/ERP units; contract clauses/breach/dispute; and what must not be published. On the law: the Civil Code provides that a contract generally includes quantity, the seller shall deliver the agreed quantity, and for excess delivery the buyer may accept or reject (if accepted, pay the agreed price; if rejected, notify promptly); the Metrology Law requires unified units, accurate and reliable values, and verification of measuring instruments; the Civil Procedure Law sets the burden of proof and evidence. This article is current to 2026-11-08 and is a summary of public rules and page method, not legal, metrology-verification or procurement advice; contracts, measurement rules, inspection/weighing records and court/arbitration findings control.
This article is for procurement, warehouse, finance, quality, legal and website teams at equipment, electronics, automotive-parts, medical-device, hardware, chemical, packaging and export manufacturers in Changzhou and nearby. It covers how to write and accept a procurement quantity/over-under shipment/MOQ and unit-of-measure page. The usual gap is "unit, gross/net weight, tolerance, weighing, weighing difference, shortage/overage, invoicing/reconciliation", ending with a page that only says "deliver per order", while one extra ton/one missing carton or an invoice quantity mismatch leaves procurement/warehouse/finance arguing.
First fix the unit: pieces/kilograms/tons/metres/litres/square metres, gross/net weight, theoretical/actual, conversion factor — if units and basis differ, everything after is wrong. Then fix tolerance: allowed over/under ratio, shortage/overage handling, MOQ/pack multiple, weighing/weighing difference. Finally fix reconciliation: receipt quantity, accepted quantity, invoice quantity and payment quantity must align. The page states units, tolerance, measurement and reconciliation — not "deliver per order".
How does this page relate to quotation/RFQ, order change, inbound logistics, three-way match, IQC and inventory pages?
A quantity page answers "in what unit, how much, how much deviation is allowed, how to weigh/reconcile"; the quotation/RFQ page answers "quote unit/quantity/validity"; the order-change page answers "quantity change/cancellation/expedite"; the inbound-logistics page answers "delivery window/ASN/packaging/unloading"; the three-way-match page answers "order/receipt/invoice reconciliation"; the IQC page answers "incoming inspection/sampling/decision"; the spare-parts/inventory page answers "safety stock/replenishment". Quantity/measurement is the "transaction basis" and cannot be replaced by an order-change or reconciliation page.
Common breaks: no unit; gross/net mixed; theoretical/actual mixed; unclear conversion; no tolerance/over-under; no MOQ/pack multiple; uncalibrated weighing; no weighing-difference rule; no shortage/overage handling; no substitution/replenishment rule; invoice/payment/receipt quantities mismatch; the website publishes prices/suppliers/quantities. The page separates "unit—tolerance—measurement—MOQ—shortage/overage—reconciliation—public boundary" so procurement/warehouse/finance/quality share one vocabulary.
| Page | Question it answers | Key content | Cannot replace |
|---|---|---|---|
| Quantity/over-under/MOQ/measurement | What unit/how much/how much deviation/how to reconcile | Unit, tolerance, measurement, MOQ, shortage/overage, reconciliation | Order change/reconciliation |
| Quotation/RFQ | Quote unit/quantity/validity | Unit price, MOQ, validity, trade terms | Receipt measurement |
| Order change | Quantity change/cancellation/expedite | Change, cancellation, expedite, fees | Tolerance/over-under |
| Inbound logistics | Delivery window/ASN/packaging/unloading | Booking, ASN, packaging, unloading | Measurement/reconciliation |
| Three-way match | Order/receipt/invoice reconciliation | Three-way, variance, credit note | Unit/tolerance |
| IQC | Incoming inspection/sampling/decision | Sampling, defects, decision | Quantity/measurement |
| Inventory/spares | Safety stock/replenishment | Inventory, replenishment, slow-moving | Transaction quantity |
Page relationships are editorial; contracts, measurement rules, inspection/weighing records and court/arbitration findings control.
How should units, gross/net weight and conversion be accepted?
State: unit (pieces/kg/tons/metres/litres/m²/m³/rolls/pallets); gross/net/tare; theoretical/actual weight; conversion factor (density/metre weight/unit weight/roll weight); packaging/sales/inventory/invoice units; decimal/rounding rule; batch/serial number; weighing/measurement method. Examples: steel pipe by metre/ton/piece, plastic pellets by kg/ton/bag, fabric by metre/roll/kg, chemicals by kg/litre/drum; the same material in quotation, order, delivery note, receipt, invoice and ERP must use the same unit or an explicit conversion. Inconsistent units guarantee three-way-match errors.
Acceptance checks: unit; gross/net/tare; theoretical/actual; conversion; packaging/sales/inventory/invoice units; decimal/rounding; batch; method; ERP. Common gaps: only "ton"; gross/net mixed; theoretical/actual mixed; unclear conversion; inconsistent units; unclear rounding.
| Item | What to write | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit | Pieces/kg/tons/metres/litres/m² | Contract/material master | Only "ton" |
| Gross/net/tare | Definitions/weighing method | Weighbridge ticket | Mixed |
| Theoretical/actual | Theoretical/actual/deviation | Standard/ticket | Mixed |
| Conversion | Density/metre weight/unit weight/roll weight | Conversion table | Unclear |
| Multiple units | Packaging/sales/inventory/invoice | Master data | Inconsistent |
| Decimals/rounding | Decimal places/rounding/carry | Rule | Unclear |
| Batch/serial | Batch/roll/serial number | Label/record | Missing |
Units/conversion are editorial; contracts, material master data, measurement rules and documents control.
How should over/under shipment and quantity tolerance be accepted?
State: allowed over/under ratio or absolute quantity (e.g., ±2% or ±X kg/tons/pieces); calculated by order/batch/month/year; shortage/overage notice/confirmation; accept/reject/replenish/return; price/payment/invoice based on actual or order; freight/storage/inspection costs for excess/shortage; cumulative/per-batch; exceptions (force majeure/pack multiple/MOQ). There is no uniform statutory ratio; agree by contract/industry/product characteristics. The Civil Code provides that the seller shall deliver the agreed quantity, and for excess delivery the buyer may accept or reject (if accepted, pay the agreed price; if rejected, notify promptly). Do not write "±2%" as "adjust freely".
Acceptance checks: ratio/absolute; calculation basis; notice/confirmation; accept/reject; replenish/return; price/payment; costs; cumulative/per-batch; exceptions. Common gaps: no tolerance; unclear ratio/basis; no notice; excess accepted by default; shortage not replenished; unclear costs.
| Item | What to write | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ratio/absolute | ±2% or ±X kg/pieces | Contract | No tolerance |
| Basis | Order/batch/month/year | Contract/ledger | Unclear |
| Notice/confirmation | Advance/post-event/written | Notice | No notice |
| Accept/reject | Excess/shortage handling | Record | Default accept |
| Replenish/return | Deadline/cost/responsibility | Record | No replenishment |
| Price/payment | Actual/order/adjustment | Invoice/reconciliation | Mismatch |
| Costs | Freight/storage/inspection | Documents | Unclear |
| Exceptions | Force majeure/pack/MOQ | Clause | None |
Tolerance is editorial; contracts, industry practice, product characteristics and court/arbitration findings control.
How should weighing/measurement and weighing difference be accepted?
State: method (weighbridge/scale/flow meter/theoretical conversion/counting); instrument calibration/verification (certificate/validity); gross/tare/net; weighing location/time/vehicle number/operator; moisture/impurity/deduction; theoretical/actual deviation; weighing-difference threshold/reweigh/third-party measurement; documents (weighbridge ticket/delivery note/receipt); exception handling (over-threshold/negative difference/fluctuation). Measuring instruments must be verified/calibrated according to law; the Metrology Law requires unified units and accurate/reliable values. Weighing is not "take a look"; it needs calibration/documents/review/exception handling.
Acceptance checks: method; calibration; gross/tare/net; location/time/vehicle; moisture/impurity; theoretical/actual; difference; reweigh/third party; documents; exceptions. Common gaps: no calibration; no ticket; gross/net mixed; no moisture deduction; no difference rule; no reweigh.
| Item | What to write | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Method | Weighbridge/scale/flow meter/theoretical/count | Contract/policy | Unclear |
| Calibration | Certificate/validity/record | Certificate | No calibration |
| Gross/tare/net | Definition/sequence | Ticket | Mixed |
| Location/time/vehicle | Traceability | Ticket | Missing |
| Moisture/impurity | Deduction/testing | Test report | No deduction |
| Theoretical/actual | Deviation/conversion | Standard/ticket | Mixed |
| Difference/reweigh | Threshold/reweigh/third party | Record | No rule |
| Exceptions | Over-threshold/negative/fluctuation | Record | No handling |
Measurement/difference is editorial; the Metrology Law, measurement policy, contracts and inspection/weighing records control.
How should MOQ/pack multiple/full carton/pallet be accepted?
State: MOQ (minimum quantity/value/batch); pack multiple (quantity per carton/bag/roll/pallet/container); full carton/consolidation/mixed packing; pallet/wrapping/label/shipping mark; small batch/sample/trial; surcharge for below-MOQ; packaging damage/shortage/contamination; packaging return/deposit; order quantity rounding (up/down/rounding). MOQ is not "whatever the supplier says"; state the calculation unit/tax/freight/divisibility; pack multiples must match orders/inventory/production usage to avoid "one extra carton unused, one missing carton stops the line".
Acceptance checks: MOQ; pack multiple; full carton/consolidation; pallet/label; small batch; surcharge; damage; return; rounding. Common gaps: unclear MOQ; unclear pack multiple; full/consolidated mixed; no small-batch rule; no damage liability; unclear rounding.
| Item | What to write | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| MOQ | Quantity/value/batch | Contract/quote | Unclear |
| Pack multiple | Carton/bag/roll/pallet/container | Spec | Unclear |
| Full/consolidated | Full carton/consolidation/mixed | Order | Mixed |
| Pallet/label | Pallet/wrapping/mark/label | Packaging spec | Missing |
| Small batch | Sample/trial/surcharge | Quote | No rule |
| Damage/shortage | Responsibility/replacement/claim | Record | No liability |
| Return/deposit | Packaging return/deposit | Agreement | Unclear |
| Rounding | Up/down/round | Rule | Unclear |
MOQ/packaging is editorial; contracts, quotes, packaging specs and company policy control.
How should shortage/overage/substitution/replenishment/reconciliation be accepted?
Shortage: confirm gap/cause/responsibility; replenish/refund/allowance/substitute; deadline/freight; impact on production/safety stock. Overage: accept/reject/return/temporary storage; pay by actual/order; costs/storage. Substitution: specification/quality/customer approval/price; no "bait and switch". Reconciliation: order quantity/delivery quantity/weighbridge net weight/accepted quantity/receipt quantity/invoice quantity/payment quantity item by item; variance cause/responsibility/adjustment (credit note/allowance/replenishment); ERP unit/batch/serial; monthly/batch reconciliation. Invoice quantity ≠ order quantity, payment quantity ≠ receipt quantity; keep a variance table.
Acceptance checks: shortage; overage; substitution; replenishment; refund/allowance; deadline/freight; reconciliation; variance; ERP; credit note. Common gaps: shortage not replenished; overage accepted by default; substitution unapproved; reconciliation mismatch; no cause; ERP not adjusted.
| Item | What to do | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Shortage | Gap/cause/replenish/refund/allowance | Record/reconciliation | No replenishment |
| Overage | Accept/reject/return/payment | Record | Default accept |
| Substitution | Spec/quality/customer approval/price | Approval | Unapproved |
| Replenishment | Deadline/freight/responsibility | Order | No deadline |
| Refund/allowance | Amount/invoice/credit note | Credit note | No basis |
| Reconciliation | Order/delivery/net/accepted/receipt/invoice/payment | Reconciliation | Mismatch |
| Variance | Cause/responsibility/adjustment | Variance table | No cause |
| ERP | Unit/batch/serial | System | Not adjusted |
Shortage/overage/reconciliation is editorial; contracts, documents, measurement rules and finance policy control.
Which quantity clauses should the contract include?
At least: material/name/specification; quantity/unit/gross-net/theoretical-actual; over/under ratio/absolute/basis; MOQ/pack multiple/full carton/pallet; measurement method/calibration/weighing difference/reweigh; moisture/impurity/deduction; shortage/overage/substitution/replenishment/return; price/payment/invoice based on actual or order; freight/storage/inspection costs; acceptance/receipt/reconciliation; breach/dispute. The clause should answer "how much, what unit, how much deviation, how to weigh, what if more/less, what to invoice".
Acceptance checks: name/spec; quantity/unit; tolerance; MOQ/packaging; measurement; deduction; shortage/overage; price/payment; costs; acceptance/reconciliation; breach. Common gaps: no unit; no tolerance; no MOQ; no measurement; no deduction; no shortage/overage; unclear payment/invoice.
| Clause | What to write | Evidence | Common gap |
|---|---|---|---|
| Name/spec | Material/model/spec | Contract/drawing | Vague |
| Quantity/unit | Quantity/unit/gross-net | Contract | No unit |
| Tolerance | Ratio/absolute/basis | Contract | No tolerance |
| MOQ/packaging | MOQ/multiple/full carton/pallet | Contract/spec | None |
| Measurement | Method/calibration/difference/reweigh | Policy | None |
| Deduction | Moisture/impurity/packaging | Testing | No deduction |
| Shortage/overage | Handling/replenishment/return | Clause | None |
| Price/payment | Actual/order/adjustment | Contract | Unclear |
| Costs | Freight/storage/inspection | Contract | Unclear |
| Acceptance/reconciliation | Acceptance/receipt/reconciliation | Process | None |
The clause list is editorial and is not a contract template or legal advice; legal/procurement/finance/warehouse review before signing.
How should the website page be written, and what must not be published?
Suggested sections: (1) units/gross-net/conversion; (2) over/under/tolerance; (3) weighing/measurement/weighing difference; (4) MOQ/pack multiple; (5) shortage/overage/substitution/replenishment; (6) reconciliation/invoice/payment; (7) contact/version/update date. The public page explains "units, tolerance, measurement, reconciliation and boundaries", and does not publish specific prices/discounts/contracts, supplier names, inventory/usage, customer lists, weighing data/batch details or pending disputes; specifics are handled in orders/contracts/supplier portal/controlled systems.
The English page should use consistent terms (unit of measure, gross/net/tare, theoretical/actual weight, tolerance, over/under shipment, MOQ, pack multiple, weighbridge, weighing difference, shortage/overage, reconciliation) and state the cut-off date. It can link to quotation/RFQ, order change, inbound logistics, three-way match, IQC and inventory/spare-parts pages, but must not become a "deliver per order" line.
| Section | What to write | Evidence | Avoid |
|---|---|---|---|
| Units | Pieces/kg/tons/metres/litres/m²/gross-net | Contract/master data | Only "ton" |
| Tolerance | Ratio/absolute/basis | Contract | No tolerance |
| Measurement | Method/calibration/difference/reweigh | Certificate/ticket | No calibration |
| MOQ/packaging | MOQ/multiple/full carton/pallet | Quote/spec | Unclear |
| Shortage/overage | Replenish/return/payment | Record | Default accept |
| Reconciliation | Order/delivery/net/accepted/invoice | Reconciliation | Mismatch |
| Public boundary | No price/supplier/inventory | Access control | Publish all |
The page structure is editorial; public statements must be true and verifiable, and contracts, measurement rules and documents control.
Go-live acceptance checklist
Ten checks: unit/gross-net; conversion; over/under/tolerance; measurement/calibration/weighing difference; deduction; MOQ/packaging; shortage/overage/substitution; reconciliation/invoice/payment; contract clauses; public boundary/version. Each needs evidence and a review date. The pass standard is not "the page says deliver per order", but that procurement/warehouse/finance/quality can judge the unit, tolerance, how to weigh, what to do with more/less, and what to invoice/pay.
Before go-live, run a tabletop exercise with a real (redacted) material: unit → order → delivery → weighing → acceptance → shortage/overage → reconciliation → invoice → payment. Then simulate an over-threshold weighing difference, a shortage, an overage and a unit-conversion error to see whether the page and clause work.
| Check | Pass standard | Evidence | If failed |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unit/gross-net | Unit/gross-net/tare/theoretical-actual | Contract/master data | Add basis |
| Conversion | Density/metre/unit/roll weight | Conversion table | Add table |
| Tolerance | Ratio/absolute/basis | Contract | Add clause |
| Measurement/difference | Calibration/gross-net/reweigh/third party | Certificate/ticket | Calibrate |
| Deduction | Moisture/impurity/packaging | Testing | Add rule |
| MOQ/packaging | MOQ/multiple/full carton/pallet | Quote/spec | Add rule |
| Shortage/overage | Replenish/return/payment | Record | Add process |
| Reconciliation | Order/delivery/net/accepted/invoice | Reconciliation | Add reconciliation |
| Contract | Quantity/unit/tolerance/measurement/breach | Contract | Amend contract |
| Public boundary | No price/supplier/inventory | Access control | Take down |
The acceptance list is editorial; contracts, measurement rules, documents and company policy control.
Who should read it, who should not, and what decisions does it support?
For procurement, warehouse, finance, quality, legal and website teams at equipment, electronics, automotive-parts, medical-device, hardware, chemical, packaging and export manufacturers in Changzhou and nearby; also for companies handling "one extra ton/one missing carton, weighing difference, shortage/overage, MOQ/pack multiple, invoice quantity mismatch". Not for teams that do not involve physical procurement/measurement, or that want one page to replace legal/metrology-verification/financial advice.
Read it if: building a quantity/measurement page; only writing "deliver per order"; unclear unit; gross/net mixed; unclear tolerance; uncalibrated weighing; no weighing-difference rule; unclear MOQ/packaging; no shortage/overage handling; reconciliation mismatch. Not suitable if: treating "order quantity" as "receipt quantity"; treating "gross weight" as "net weight"; treating "theoretical weight" as "actual weight"; treating "overage" as "free gift". Supports: unit/gross-net, conversion, tolerance, measurement/difference, deduction, MOQ/packaging, shortage/overage, reconciliation and page wording self-checks.
FAQ
What should the quantity clause include?
At least material/name/specification, quantity/unit/gross-net/theoretical-actual, over/under ratio/absolute/basis, MOQ/pack multiple, measurement method/calibration/weighing difference, moisture/impurity/deduction, shortage/overage/substitution/replenishment/return, price/payment/invoice based on actual or order, freight/storage/inspection costs, acceptance/receipt/reconciliation, breach/dispute. The clause should answer "how much, what unit, how much deviation, how to weigh, what if more/less, what to invoice".
What over/under shipment ratio is reasonable?
There is no uniform statutory ratio; agree by contract/industry/product characteristics (e.g., ±2% or ±X kg/pieces), stating the calculation basis (order/batch/month/year), notice/confirmation, accept/reject, replenishment/return, price/payment and costs. The Civil Code provides that the seller shall deliver the agreed quantity, and for excess delivery the buyer may accept or reject (if accepted, pay the agreed price; if rejected, notify promptly). Do not write "±2%" as "adjust freely".
What if weighed and theoretical weights differ?
First check the contract/measurement policy: method, instrument calibration/verification, gross/tare/net, moisture/impurity deduction, theoretical/actual deviation, weighing-difference threshold, reweigh/third-party measurement. If over the threshold, reweigh/third-party measure/record the exception; adjust quantity/price/payment per contract. Measuring instruments must be verified/calibrated according to law; the Metrology Law requires unified units and accurate/reliable values. Do not replace "actual net weight" with "theoretical weight".
How to negotiate MOQ/pack multiples?
State MOQ (quantity/value/batch), pack multiple (carton/bag/roll/pallet/container), full carton/consolidation/mixed packing, pallet/label/shipping mark, small batch/sample/trial, surcharge below MOQ, packaging damage/shortage/contamination liability, packaging return/deposit, order quantity rounding. MOQ/packaging must match orders/inventory/production usage to avoid "one extra carton unused, one missing carton stops the line".
How to invoice/pay for shortage/overage?
The contract should state whether invoicing/payment is based on actual receipt/accepted quantity or order quantity; shortage replenishment/refund/allowance/substitution; overage accept/reject/return/pay actual; variance cause/responsibility/adjustment (credit note/allowance); reconciliation should align order/delivery/weighbridge net/accepted/receipt/invoice/payment item by item. Invoice quantity ≠ order quantity, payment quantity ≠ receipt quantity; keep a variance table.
Should the website publish quantities, prices and suppliers?
Usually not specific prices/discounts/contracts, supplier names, inventory/usage, customer lists, weighing data/batch details or pending disputes. The public page can explain units, tolerance, measurement/reconciliation principles, MOQ/packaging and a contact window; specifics are handled in orders/contracts/supplier portal/controlled systems.
One-sentence takeaway
The procurement quantity/over-under shipment/MOQ and unit-of-measure page on a Changzhou manufacturer's website is not about "deliver per order"; it is about turning unit/gross-net/conversion, over/under/tolerance, weighing/calibration/weighing difference, deduction, MOQ/packaging, shortage/overage/substitution, reconciliation/invoice/payment and public boundaries into a checkable list, so procurement/warehouse/finance/quality can judge the unit, tolerance, how to weigh, what to do with more/less, and what to invoice/pay.
Research method and limitations
This article is a summary of public rules and page method, not legal, metrology-verification or procurement advice. It uses no unpublished price, contract, supplier, inventory/usage, weighing, batch or dispute data; the tables and acceptance items are editorial and not legal conclusions. The Civil Code, Metrology Law and Civil Procedure Law; contracts, measurement rules, inspection/weighing records and court/arbitration findings control. This article does not decide whether any specific quantity/tolerance/measurement/shortage/overage clause is lawful or enforceable; companies should review item by item and consult professional lawyers/metrology bodies.
Sources and basis
Current to 2026-11-08; the official pages below control.
- Civil Code of the People's Republic of China: Supreme People's Court. Contract contents (quantity), delivery of the agreed quantity, excess/shortage handling and breach liability.
- Metrology Law of the People's Republic of China: NPC. Unified units, accurate and reliable values, and verification of measuring instruments.
- Civil Procedure Law of the People's Republic of China (2023 amendment, effective 1 January 2024): National Laws and Regulations Database. Burden of proof, evidence preservation and evidence review.